Sains Malaysiana 53(5)(2024): 1067-1080

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5305-08

Exploring the Resistance of Pigmented Rice to Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) by Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses

(Mengkaji Kerintangan Beras Berpigmen terhadap Wereng Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) melalui Analisis Fenotip dan Genotip)

CHAERANI^1,*, MUHAMAD YUNUS², NURUL HIDAYATUN¹, TASLIAH², RINA SITI GALURINA¹, MATSOHAN¹, YUSI NURMALITA ANDARINI¹ & ANDARI RISLIAWATI¹

¹Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

²Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 1 Disember 2023/Diterima: 17 April 2024

@rin.go.id

Abstract

Developing new pigmented rice varieties that meet consumers' preferences requires addressing resistance to brown planthopper (BPH), a highly destructive insect pest of rice.  To effectively manage this pest, it is essential to explore BPH resistance genes from rice germplasms and incorporate them into elite varieties. The objective of this study was to identify the source of resistance among local and improved pigmented rice varieties in Indonesia against field BPH. Furthermore, the study aimed to characterize their genetic diversity using molecular markers associated with Bph genes and functional markers for these genes.  Eighty-eight local varieties from the Indonesian Agricultural Gene Bank, collected across 18 provinces between 1971 and 2019, and four improved varieties, were evaluated using the standard seed box screening test method. Among these entries, 6 local accessions and 1 improved variety exhibited moderate resistance. Genetic analysis of these entries and three randomly selected susceptible entries using 12 SSR and InDel markers associated with Bph gene loci showed that the moderately resistant entries had higher allele numbers (11 to 13) compared to the susceptible entries (4 to 7). These markers could distinguish the resistant group from the susceptible ones in cluster analysis. Genotyping using functional markers further showed that the moderately resistant entries had 2 to 4 combinations of Bph genes. In contrast, the susceptible entries contained neither Bph genes nor only one gene. Local accessions with a 2 to 4 Bph gene combination can be donors of BPH resistance in improving pigmented rice varieties.

Keywords: Bph gene; brown planthopper resistance; local rice accession; screening

Abstrak

Membangunkan varieti padi berpigmen baharu yang memenuhi keutamaan pengguna memerlukan usaha menangani rintangan terhadap wereng coklat (BPH), serangga perosak pemusnah beras. Untuk menguruskan perosak ini dengan berkesan, adalah penting untuk mengkaji gen rintangan BPH daripada germplasma padi dan memasukkannya ke dalam varieti elit. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti punca rintangan dalam kalangan varieti padi tempatan dan padi berpigmen dipertingkat di Indonesia berbanding BPH ladang. Tambahan pula, penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mencirikan kepelbagaian genetik mereka menggunakan penanda molekul yang dikaitkan dengan gen Bph dan penanda berfungsi untuk gen ini. Lapan puluh lapan varieti tempatan daripada Bank Gene Pertanian Indonesia yang dikumpulkan daripada 18 wilayah antara 1971 dan 2019 dan empat varieti yang dipertingkat dinilai menggunakan kaedah ujian saringan kotak benih piawai. Antara entri ini, 6 aksesi tempatan dan 1 varieti dipertingkat menunjukkan rintangan yang sederhana. Analisis genetik bagi entri ini dan tiga entri rentan yang dipilih secara rawak menggunakan 12 penanda SSR dan InDel yang dikaitkan dengan lokus gen Bph menunjukkan bahawa entri tahan sederhana mempunyai nombor alel yang lebih tinggi (11 hingga 13) berbanding dengan entri rentan (4 hingga 7). Penanda ini boleh membezakan kumpulan rintangan daripada kumpulan rentan dalam analisis kelompok. Genotip menggunakan penanda berfungsi selanjutnya menunjukkan bahawa entri tahan sederhana mempunyai 2 hingga 4 gabungan gen Bph. Sebaliknya, entri yang rentan tidak mengandungi gen Bph atau hanya satu gen. Aksesi tempatan dengan gabungan gen 2 hingga 4 Bph boleh menjadi penderma rintangan BPH dalam meningkatkan varieti beras berpigmen.

Kata kunci: Aksesi beras tempatan; gen Bph; ketahanan terhadap wereng coklat; penyaringan

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chae007@brin.go.id